Atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the United Kingdom

Abstract

The occurrence of PBDEs has been studied in the atmosphere of four sites in the United Kingdom over a period of ten years. The concentrations have exhibited a sharp decrease after 2001e2003. This is evident in the urban sites of Manchester and London and at the semi-rural site of Hazelrigg. The average SPBDE half-lives for these three sites were 3.4, 2.0 and 3.5 years respectively. SPBDEs concentrations in the UK (in 2010 SPBDEs < 10 pg m3 ) are among the lowest reported in literature. Comparison of concentrations to estimated emissions and employment of PBDE profiles suggest that PBDEs in the UK atmosphere originate from primary emissions from products that contain mainly the penta-BDE technical mixture. The detection of BDE-183 in the majority of samples hints that octa-bromodiphenylether has also been used extensively in the UK, however to a smaller extent than the penta- product.