Urinary bladder chemical carcinogenesis in laboratory rodents as an experimental model [Carcinogénesis química de vejiga urinaria en roedores de laboratorio como modelo experimental]

Abstract

Urotelial cancer, is a common malignancy in the worldwide, is an important contributor to the overall international cancer burden. The urotelial tumors induced by chemical carcinogens in the laboratory animals repeat many of the features observed in the human urotelial neoplasia. The urotelial tumors chemically induced in the urinary bladder are morphologically and histologically similar to the human urotelial tumors. Like human urotelial carcinogenesis, rodent carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves sequential progression from simple hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma or papillary tumors through varying lesions. In addition, the rodent tumors (Rattus norvegicus) and (Mus musculus) express several biochemical and molecular markers that are also expressed in the human urotelial tumors. For this reason, the rodent urinary bladder carcinogenesis is a good animal system to evaluate chemo preventive agents and to study cancer pathways.