Conceitos de desenvolvimento urbano das formas de residência: da condição exemplar da Rua de Guerra Junqueiro na cidade do Porto

Abstract

As a result of the exponential evolution that our society has witnessed in the last century, the urban space has also suffered deep mutations which are based on the loss of the traditional relationship between the shape of the buildings and the free space, that, till then had preserved the coherence of urban space and survived in every urban praxis. This metamorphose was induced by the industrial revolution and claimed by a new architectural movement that displayed several features of rupture with the past, the Modernist Movement. However, the modern urbanism express an enormous diversity of examples and it's theoretical principles were questioned by complex urban and economic realities, which induced an accommodation of the initial principles experimenting adaptations more or less according to the global urban space. Unlike traditional streets, the space in the new streets enlarges as a result of retreat and isolation of the buildings, exposing to the public visibility, vegetation, side facades, different volumetric shapes, and trying several relations between public and private space. Despite this variability, the presence of continuity and unifying elements frequently allows preserving the legibility of the spaces in the modern city. Based on theoretical approaches that report the urbanistic dialog at the early stages of the modern city development, more precisely in "conceitos de desenvolvimentourbano" and in "las formas de la residência en la ciudad moderna", reported by Arch. Nuno Portas and Arch. Carlos Martí Arís, we attempt to understand how the modern urbanism has marked the public space of the cities, more precisely in Oporto city. The Guerra Junqueiro Street, which is placed on the western fl ank of Oporto City, began it's history on the ending of the XIXth century, and had its own development peak during the Modernist Movement sedimentation period. As a result, Guerra Junqueiro Street shows a multiplicity of buildings constructed during this period of history, and reveals itself as a good testimony of the transformations occurred. On this selected "city sector" we experimented, throw drawing, several analytic methods, which allowed us not only to deepen the comprehension of a specifi c urban area, but also to improve its characterization.