Arquitetura a Zero. Um estudo comparativo

Abstract

The present dissertation came to be from a necessity of rethinking the role of energetic efficiency in the design of the building. It´s an architectonic theme that comes from the very first constructions but that has been disregarded in the design of many recent buildings. It´s not the objective of the dissertation to introduce the idea that the systems that search for energetic efficiency, mainly without the introduction of the mechanic systems, is something recent. Otherwise, it´s extensively approached the idea that these systems have been disregarded throughout the time due to the fact that functions related to orientation, ventilation and heating, between other aspects, can be assured through the HAVAC systems. The questions related to the disregard of these principles seem to have started through the introduction of the MEP systems, which have lead to the removal of a series of limitations which were naturally imposed to the building. Besides the evolution of these systems, other lines of thought should also be considered, as is the case of the Linear Economy, which devalues many of these ideas, as is the case with the exploitation of local materials, between other aspects, and that has serious consequences in the ecological footprint of the buildings. The informatic program that I have an interest in working inside these points is REVIT , which allows for the inclusive collaboration and the trade of models with other programs that address the energetic analysis, as is the case with eQuest. Inserting the problem of the energetic sustainability, programs to calculate, for example, the thermal advantages of certain constructive elements, as well as certain orientations. Having as a base these questions, the first part of this thesis will be of theoretical exploration, having at it´s core questions raised by the participation in a contest while the second part will be of practical exploration, with the creation of 3D models and of energetic analysis, in the attempt to reach conclusions about a series of subthemes that will be analysed by the drawing that looks for energetic efficiency. Explaining with more clarity, in the second part I´ll develop the project with the application of the BIM methodology, creating a basis for future personal elaboration. If possible, I´ll also consider a comparison between the advantages in the thermal level of the elaboration of a new building against the simple improvements achieved through an intervention in the façade through the introduction of systems, as is the case with the etics system. It will not be in the scope of the present dissertation the exploration of concepts that are not specific and to which words such as sustainability refer to, but to explore in which way buildings can be more energetically conscientious, as well as the advantages in exploring these parameters. Therefore, the theoretical part of this dissertation is made as a more in-depth exercise, that looks towards uniting various concepts(energetic efficiency, BIM , BEM , circular economy) and that will allow to strengthen the practical side.