Algal spent biomass - a pool of applications

Abstract

In recent decades, the world has faced increasing demand for energy, namely from fossil sources, which entails great environmental damage. Thus, green fuels with low environmental impact are urgently required, and production of biofuels from organic molecules of macro- and microalgae, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, is one alternative. However, a problem still remains as what to do with the spent biomass. In this regard, this chapter mainly focuses on how algae can be used as an efficient and economically viable biorefinery feedstock. To reinforce the algal biorefinery concept, a proper connection needs be established between the various input and output streams, as well as services to be provided by the industries involved; because a biorefinery using algae can only be effective through integration with other industries. This chapter is accordingly organized on three pillars: food/feed and nutraceutical applications, biofuel production, and environmental improvement via upgrading of spent biomass.