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Quantification of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in liver pates

2020-03-02T03:13:54Z

Title: Quantification of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in liver pates Abstract: Pates are products with high fat levels and their consumption has increased in Portugal over the past few years. Owing to their composition, lipid oxidation is one of the primary mechanisms associated with deterioration of their quality. Therefore, antioxidants have become a useful group of food additives because they help to maintain the organoleptic quality of pates by avoiding rancidity. The aim of this work was the evaluation of seven synthetic antioxidants with phenolic structure, namely, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl (PG), octyl (OG) and dodecyl gallates (DG) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDG), in liver pates available on the Portuguese retail market. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure described in AOAC for oils and fats was found to be inappropriate for pates, probably owing to their complex matrices. A modification of the Association of Official analytical Chemists (AOAC) extraction procedure is thus presented. Extensive validation of this extraction procedure was carried out by recovery tests. Over 91% recoveries of added antioxidants were observed, except for PG and OG whose recoveries were 78.0 +/- 2.2 and 82.1 +/- 1.11%, respectively. The precision found was below 3.8%, No synthetic antioxidants were detected in six of the 12 assayed brands. One sample contained BHA and five samples contained NDG (concentrations ranged from trace levels to 26.3 +/- 0.0 mg/kg of product). When pepper corn was added as an additive to pates, piperine (the main compound of pepper) appeared on the chromatogram but it did not interfere with the evaluation of the other antioxidants.

FIA evaluation of nitrite and nitrate contents of liver pates

2020-03-02T03:13:47Z

Title: FIA evaluation of nitrite and nitrate contents of liver pates Abstract: A comparative study on the nitrite and nitrate contents of 15 liver pate brands, in a total of 45 samples (three batches per brand) is presented. The study was conducted on two different kind of pates: pork liver pates and fowl liver pates. For the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate, an automated flow injection system with spectrophotometric detection was used. The manifold was based on the splitting of the flow after injection and subsequent confluence of the flow before reaching the detector, allowing the reduction of nitrate to nitrite in part of the sample plug on an on-line copper cadmium reductor column. Spectrophotometric determination was made after a diazotization coupling reaction. The levels of nitrites and nitrates ranged from 1.07 mg NaNO2 kg(-1) +/- 0.43 to 15.9 mg NaNO2 kg(-1) +/- 5.2 and from 24.5 mg NaNO3 kg(-1) +/- 2.7 to 207 mg NaNO3 kg(-1) +/- 14, respectively. The levels of concentration of these constituents were below the allowable limits. A significant dispersion in the results was observed between different brands and within some of the brands.

Industrialized foods in early infancy: a growing need of nutritional research

2020-02-19T03:11:02Z

Title: Industrialized foods in early infancy: a growing need of nutritional research

Adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Functional Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Population

2020-02-08T03:19:11Z

Title: Adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Functional Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Older Population Abstract: Objectives: In older adults, diet and physical activity are among the most important behaviours that influence health. The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern has been related to longevity and can benefit physical function in older adults. The present study aims to quantify the association of adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern with physical functioning through by handgrip strength, as well as, with sedentary behaviour based on sitting time, in a sample of older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,491 older adults 65 years old. The adherence or non-adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern was assessed using the previously validated and translated 14 item questionnaire, the PREDIMED (Prevención com Dieta Mediterránea). Handgrip strength was measured with a Jamar Dynamometer. Sitting time per day was used as an indicator of sedentary behaviour. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to quantify the association of adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern with handgrip strength and sitting time. Results: Compared to participants who adhered to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern, those who did not adhere to this diet have a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio for low handgrip strength [adjusted odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.05], as well as for longer sitting time [adjusted odds ratio: 1.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.96]. Conclusion: In older adults, the non-adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern was associated with both lower values of handgrip strength and longer sitting time. (c) 2019, Serdi and Springer-Verlag International SAS, part of Springer Nature.

Food balance sheet and household budget survey dietary data and mortality patterns in Europe

2020-02-04T03:45:16Z

Title: Food balance sheet and household budget survey dietary data and mortality patterns in Europe Abstract: Worldwide dietary data for nutrition monitoring and surveillance are commonly derived from food balance sheets (FBS) and household budget surveys (HBS). We have compared food supply from FBS and food availability data from HBS among eighteen European countries and have estimated the extent to which they correlate, focusing on food groups which are comparably captured by FBS and HBS and for which there is epidemiological evidence that they can have a noticeable impact on population mortality. Spearman's correlation coefficient was + 0.78 (P<10(-3)) for vegetables (including legumes), + 0.76 (P<10(-3)) for fruits, + 0.69 (P<10(-3)) for fish and seafood and + 0.93 (P<10(-3)) for olive oil. With respect to meat and meat products, the coefficient was lower at + 0.39 (P=0.08). Moreover, we have examined whether the supply (FBS) or the availability (HBS) of food groups known or presumed to have beneficial effect on the occurrence of CHD and total cancer can predict overall, coronary and cancer mortality in ecological analyses. After controlling for purchasing power parity-adjusted gross domestic product and tobacco smoking we found that for vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, as well as for olive oil, both the FBS and the HBS estimates were inversely associated with all three indicators of mortality, although the number of countries with complete information on all study variables hindered formal statistical documentation (P>0.05 in some instances). FBS and HBS have their own strengths and weaknesses, but they may complement each other in dietary assessments at the population level.

Portuguese households' diet quality (adherence to Mediterranean food pattern and compliance with WHO population dietary goals): trends, regional disparities and socioeconomic determinants

2020-02-04T03:04:54Z

Title: Portuguese households' diet quality (adherence to Mediterranean food pattern and compliance with WHO population dietary goals): trends, regional disparities and socioeconomic determinants Abstract: Objective: To evaluate households' diet-quality trends and regional disparities, as well as to identify the influence of its socioeconomic determinants. Methods/Subjects: Two dietary indexes were applied: a revised Health Diet Indicator version (HDIr) and the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI). The socioeconomic differences between households with low-diet quality (if their scoring in HDIr or MAI was below the national median) and the remaining ones were analysed by means of logistic regression. Representative samples of households among each region were analysed. Results: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was poor in all Portuguese regions; the proportion of households adhering to it has diminished in the North, Centre, Libson and Tejo valley. The proportion of households with high HDlr decreased in the North, Centre, Lisbon and Tejo valley and Algarve. In multivariate analysis, households whose head had secondary or higher education, living in semi-urban or urban areas, from the Azores region, within the higher income or outside home food expenditures groups were more likely to be in low-quality diet. Conclusions: The decreasing adherence to a Mediterranean food pattern and the diminishin compliance with World Health Organization dietary goals show that Portuguese households have reduced their diet quality. The observed influence of urbanization and region on diet quality highlights the importance of considering regional nutrition strategies.

Hospital accreditation and clinical nutrition service in South Korea: a comment on Um et al.'s paper

2020-01-29T03:12:32Z

Title: Hospital accreditation and clinical nutrition service in South Korea: a comment on Um et al.'s paper

Is food insecurity related to health-care use, access and absenteeism?

2020-01-27T03:49:50Z

Title: Is food insecurity related to health-care use, access and absenteeism? Abstract: Objective: Food insecurity (FI) is defined as uncertain access to healthy food in quantity and quality. We hypothesize that FI may be associated with greater health-care use and absenteeism because it may amplify the effect of diseases; also, FI may be associated with reduced health-care access because it reflects economic vulnerability. The present study estimates the association between FI and health-care use and access, and absenteeism. Design: Cross-sectional data collected in 2015-2016. Health-care use was measured as the number of consultations, taking any drug and having been hospitalized in the past year. Health-care access was measured by the suspension of medication and having fewer consultations due to financial constraints. Absenteeism was measured by the weeks of sickness leave. Binary variables were modelled as a function of FI using logistic regressions; continuous variables were modelled as a function of FI using negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regressions. Covariates were included sequentially. Setting: Portugal. Participants: Non-institutionalized adults from the EpiDoc3 cohort (n 5648). Results: FI was significantly associated with health-care use before controlling for socio-economic conditions and quality of life. Moderate/severe FI was positively related to the suspension of medicines (adjusted OR = 4 center dot 68; 95 % CI 3 center dot 11, 6 center dot 82) and to having fewer consultations (adjusted OR = 3 center dot 98; 95 % CI 2 center dot 42, 6 center dot 37). FI and absenteeism were not significantly associated. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that FI reflects precariousness, which hinders access to health care. The greater use of health care among food-insecure people is explained by their worse quality of life and lower socio-economic condition, so that the specific role of poor nutrition is unclear.

A web-based gamification program to improve nutrition literacy in families of 3- to 5-year-old children: the Nutriscience Project

2020-01-25T03:13:56Z

Title: A web-based gamification program to improve nutrition literacy in families of 3- to 5-year-old children: the Nutriscience Project Abstract: Objective: Assess the impact of a web-based gamification program on nutrition literacy of families andexplore differences in impact by socioeconomic status.Design: Quasi-experimental.Setting: Thirty-seven kindergartens from Portugal.Participants: Eight hundred seventy-seven families.Intervention: Web-based social network of participants' interactions, educational materials, apps andnutritional challenges, focused on fruit, vegetables, sugar, and salt.Main Outcome Measures: Parental nutrition literacy (self-reported survey − 4 dimensions: Nutrients,Food portions, Portuguese food wheel groups, Food labeling).Analysis: General linear model − Repeated measures was used to analyze the effect on the nutrition literacy score.Results: Families uploaded 1267 items (recipes, photographs of challenges) and educators uploaded 327items (photographs, videos) onto the interactive platform. For the intervention group (n = 106), the finalmean (SD) score of nutrition literacy was significantly higher than the baseline: 78.8% (15.6) vs 72.7%(16.2); P<.001, regardless of parental education and perceived income status. No significant differences inthe scores of the control group (n = 83) were observed (final 67.8% [16.1] vs initial 66.4% [15.6]; P= .364).Conclusions and Implications: Gamified digital interactive platform seems to be a useful, easily adaptededucational tool for the healthy eating learning process. Future implementations of the program will benefitfrom longer time intervention and assessment of the eating habits of families before and after intervention.

Exercise-induced FNDC5/Irisin activation drives brown-like adipocyte phenotype in visceral adipose tissue from obese rats [resumo]

2020-01-23T03:19:22Z

Title: Exercise-induced FNDC5/Irisin activation drives brown-like adipocyte phenotype in visceral adipose tissue from obese rats [resumo]

Dietary intake according to hydration status in 9-10 year-old soccer players

2020-01-23T03:18:54Z

Title: Dietary intake according to hydration status in 9-10 year-old soccer players Abstract: Introduction: Children have an increased risk of voluntary dehydration especially during physical activity which may increase the risk of non-compensating water losses.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the hydration status and its relation to food intake in a children group of soccer players.Method: A sample of 36 boys aged 9-10 years was included in this study; 30 completed a 24 h urine collection. Participants completed a 24 h urine collection; a 24 hours food recall corresponding to the day of urine collection was applied, weight and height were measured and parents/caregivers fi lled a lifestyle and socio-demographic questionnaire. The free water reserve (FWR [ml/24 h] =urine volume [ml/24 h] - obligatory urine volume [ml/24 h]) was used to assess the hydration status. Food and beverage groups were created and models of unconditional logistic regression were fi tted in order to estimate the magnitude of the association between the hydration status and diet.Results: Forty three per cent of participants were classifi ed as at risk of hypohydration. Children who reported a high fruit and vegetables intake (above the median) were at decreased risk of hypohydration (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.94, p = 0.041), compared to children who reported a low fruit and vegetables intake.Conclusions: Almost half of the children were at risk of hypohydration. Our results suggested that water food sources such as fruit and vegetables may contribute to euhydration.

Waist circunference references for children and adolescents from 6 to 18 year-old from the autonomous region of Madeira, Portugal [Referências para o perímetro da cintura de crianças e jovens dos 6 aos 18 anos de idade da região autónoma da Madeira, Portugal]

2020-01-18T03:11:22Z

Title: Waist circunference references for children and adolescents from 6 to 18 year-old from the autonomous region of Madeira, Portugal [Referências para o perímetro da cintura de crianças e jovens dos 6 aos 18 anos de idade da região autónoma da Madeira, Portugal] Abstract: Waist circumference (WC) has been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. We aim to develop WC references for age and gender in youngsters in Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal (RAM). A cross-sectional study was developed in two phases. Between May 2004 and May 2005 (in 1st cycle schools) and between October 2007 and June 2009 (in 2nd and 3rd cycle, and secondary and professional schools). A representative sample of 6987 individuals was gathered, with 3532 girls and 3455 boys aged from 6 to 18 years old. WC was measured with a non-elastic tape at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib. To elaborate smoothed percentiles and z-scores curves for age and gender, values were estimated between 72 and 225 months (every three months) using the LMS statistical procedure, with the exponent of the Box-Cox (L), the median (M), and coefficient of variation generalized (S) through LMSChartMaker software, version 2.76. Mean and standard deviation and charts of smoothed percentiles curves (P3, P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P85, P90, P95 and P97) and z-scores (-2, -1, 0, 1 and 2) are presented by age and gender. These references constitute a new tool to assess cardiometabolic risk of RAM's children and adolescents.

Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications

2020-01-18T03:10:35Z

Title: Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications Abstract: Chayote (Sechium edule) has gained widespread consuming acceptance and recognized by its nutritional and bio-functional properties. The present review surveys and describes the current findings about the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of chayote and identifies opportunities for further research. It also discusses chayote's versatile utility in nutrition, as a functional ingredient in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in nanotechnology and biotechnological processes. It was concluded that although the pharmacological properties of chayote are currently well-established, only a few reports have been conducted on the isolation and identification of individual chemical constituents, and similarly, only a few in vivo studies have been conducted to assess their biological efficacy. In addition, the valorisation of the underutilized chayote by-products can be an important aspect in waste management from both economic and environmental standpoints. Thus, the recovery and utilization of valuable compounds from chayote is an important challenge for scientists. (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Physical activity patterns during pregnancy in a sample of Portuguese women: A longitudinal prospective study

2020-01-17T03:16:25Z

Title: Physical activity patterns during pregnancy in a sample of Portuguese women: A longitudinal prospective study Abstract: Background: Physical activity(PA) patterns during pregnancy have not been explored in depth and most previous studies lack assessment of variables such as type, frequency, duration and intensity of activity Objectives: This study had two goals: 1) to analyze PA patterns during pregnancy according to weekly time spent on different types of activity; and 2) to determine women's perception about health care providers regarding PA advisement during pregnancy. Patients and Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was carried out with a 118-pregnant women cohort. Participants were evaluated during all trimesters. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect personal and obstetric data. Type, duration and frequency of PA were evaluated using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) and intensity levels were calculated. Repeated measure analysis of variance was performed to determine differences between trimesters, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed when appropriate. Results: A decrease in values of self-reported PA (MET.h.wk(-1)) was found from the first to the second and the first to the third trimester of pregnancy respectively, total (270.91 vs 22054 vs 210.35; P < 0.01), light (109.45 vs 95.11 vs 92.40; P < 0.01) and moderate intensity (81.99 vs 50.69 vs 62.94; P = 0.002). Time spent on most activities remained fairly stable throughout pregnancy. Women spent most of their weekly time during the entire pregnancy on household and caregiving activities, occupational activities and leisure, except sport activities. Swimming was the most reported organized PA, reaching its highest proportion (12.7%) in the second trimester. Prenatal exercise classes were reported by 39.8% of women during the 3rd trimester. Pregnant women reported that PA was recommended by health professionals: 53.9% in the 1st trimester, 70.4% in the 2nd trimester and 56.8% in the 3rd trimester. Conclusions: Self-reported PA decreased, especially from the first to the second trimester, in total, light and moderate intensity Women spent most of their weekly time on domestic, occupational and leisure activities, except sport activities. There are some health care providers that do not recommend physical activity during pregnancy.

Effects of physical exercise on myokines expression and brown adipose-like phenotype modulation in rats fed a high-fat diet

2020-01-17T03:16:00Z

Title: Effects of physical exercise on myokines expression and brown adipose-like phenotype modulation in rats fed a high-fat diet Abstract: Aims: Exercise-stimulated myokine secretion into circulation may be related with browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), representing a positive metabolic effect on whole-body fat mass. However, limited information is yet available regarding the impact of exercise on myokine-related modulation of adipocyte phenotype in WAT from obese rats.Main methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60) were divided into sedentary and voluntary physical activity (VPA)groups and fed with standard (35 kcal% fat) or high-fat (HFD, 71 kcal% fat)-isoenergetic diets. The VPA-groupshad unrestricted access to wheel running throughout the protocol. After-9 weeks, half of sedentary standard(SS) and sedentary HFD (HS)-fed animals were exercised on treadmill (endurance training, ET) for 8-weekswhile maintaining the dietary treatments.Key findings: The adipocyte hypertrophy induced by HFD were attenuated by VPA and ET. HFD decreased 5' AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in muscle as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) proteins in eWAT, while not affecting circulating irisin. VPA increased eWAT Tmem26 mRNA levels in the standard diet-fed group, whereas ET increased AMPK, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) protein expression in muscle, but had no impact on circulating irisin protein content. In eWAT, ET increased bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7), Cidea and PGC-1 in both diet-fed animals, whereas BMP7, Prdm16, UCP1 and FNDC5 only in standard diet-fed group.Significance: Data suggest that ET-induced myokine production seems to contribute, at least in part, to thebrown-like phenotype in WAT from rats fed a HFD.

Blood antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers acute responses to a 1000-m kayak sprint in elite male kayakers

2020-01-14T03:14:12Z

Title: Blood antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers acute responses to a 1000-m kayak sprint in elite male kayakers Abstract: Aim. This study aimed to investigate the response of blood antioxidants and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation to a 1000m kayak trial in elite male kayakers. Methods. Enzymatic (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione reductase [Gr] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activities) and non-enzymatic (total antioxidant status [TAS], uric acid, alpha-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein and zeaxanthin) antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TSARS), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cortisol were determined in 15 elite male kayakers before and 15 min after a 1000-m kayak simulated race. Results. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were unaffected by exercise, with the exception of alpha-carotene which decreased (P=0.013). Uric acid levels were incremented following exercise (P=0.016). The acute exercise resulted in a significant decrease in TAS (P=0.001) and in an increase in CK (P=0.023), TBARS (P<0.001) and IL-6 (P=0.028). Conclusion. Our study suggests that a 1000-m kayak simulated race induces oxidative stress and damage in highly-trained kayakers.

The relationship between health self-perception, food consumption and nutritional status among Portuguese older adults

2020-01-13T03:11:09Z

Title: The relationship between health self-perception, food consumption and nutritional status among Portuguese older adults Abstract: In Portugal people aged 65 and above will be the populational group with the highest growth rate of the next decades. Healthy ageing constitutes a challenge as not only the number of years lived are essential, but also the quality of life becomes a priority. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between health self-perception (HSP), food consumption and nutritional status among Portuguese older adults. Four hundred fifty-nine older adults (aged 65) were interviewed, almost half had a positive HSP. The most significant predictor of HSP was nutritional status, p = 0.005, but independence in shopping had the largest impact on how they compared to others, p < 0.001. Interventions need to focus on factors like nutritional status, independency on Activities of Daily Living, Satisfaction with Food-Related Life and utilize them to modify the negative HSP and attitudes towards ageing and health and maximize the positive aspects of old age. (c) 2019, Springer Nature Limited.

Dietary treatment in phenylketonuria does not lead to increased risk of obesity or metabolic syndrome

2020-01-12T03:09:40Z

Title: Dietary treatment in phenylketonuria does not lead to increased risk of obesity or metabolic syndrome Abstract: Background: Little is known about the consequences of the special energy enriched diet used to treat patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) in terms of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) development. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and its consequences in terms of body composition and MetSyn in early treated patients with PKU compared to controls. Design: A sample of 89 patients with PKU (3-30 y; 14.4 +/- 6.6 y) and 79 controls (3-47 y; 16.3 +/- 7.9 y) were studied. In the fasted state, anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure and analytical paratmeters [amino acids, glucose, insulin, total and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), high sensitivity c-reactive protein and uric acid] were performed. Data on dietary intake was collected. BMI was classified using WHO criteria, while the definition from International Diabetes Federation (IDF) was used for MetSyn. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity (32.6% vs. 24.1%; p=0.293), body fat percentage (22% vs. 23.1%, p=0.581) and central obesity (36.9% vs. 36.4%, p=0.999) were comparable to controls. Patients revealed a higher TG/HDL-c (p<0.001). The prevalence of MetSyn was 1.5% and 6.1% in patients and controls, respectively. Patients and not controls with central obesity revealed a further significant increase in TG/HDL-c compared with those without central obesity (p=0.023). Conclusion: Patients and controls were similar in terms of overweight and obesity, body composition and MetSyn. However, the dyslipidemia in patients with PKU in relation to overweight and obesity may help us trying to understand the course and the etiology of MetSyn not only in PKU but also in the general population.

Are hypohydrated older adults at increased risk of exhaustion?

2020-01-12T03:09:40Z

Title: Are hypohydrated older adults at increased risk of exhaustion? Abstract: Background: Dehydration appears to affect muscle strength and weakness, although its influence on exhaustion remains unclear. The present study aimed to quantify the association between hydration status and exhaustion among older adults. Methods: A cluster sampling approach was used, representing Portuguese older adults (65 years) according to age, sex, education level and region within the Nutrition UP65 cross-sectional study. A 24-h urine sample was collected to estimate free water reserve (FWR), which was categorised into tertiles according to sex. Subjects with incomplete 24-h urine and renal disease were excluded. From a sample size of 1500 subjects, 1143 were eligible. Exhaustion was self-reported according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between FWR and exhaustion. Odds ratios and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by sex and age. Results: Free water reserve median (interquartile range) was 0.52 (0.68) L in women and 0.36 (0.77) L in men. Hypohydration affected 11.6% of women and 25.1% of men, whereas exhaustion was reported by 39.3% of women and 25.1% of men. After adjusting for confounders, women 80 years classified in the highest tertile of FWR showed a decreased risk of exhaustion (third tertile: odds ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval = 0.150.96) compared to women in the lowest FWR tertile. No such significant association was observed in women with <80 years and in men. Conclusions: These results show an association between worse hydration status and exhaustion in older women, highlighting the need to implement further studies clarifying this association. (c) 2019 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

Early dietary treated patients with phenylketonuria can achieve normal growth and body composition

2020-01-12T03:09:34Z

Title: Early dietary treated patients with phenylketonuria can achieve normal growth and body composition Abstract: Background: In the past, overtreatment may have resulted in growth impairment in patients with phenylketonuria. Objective: The paper aims to investigate height and body composition in early treated patients with phenylketonuria who were diagnosed between 1981 and 2008. Design: A cross-sectional study of 89 patients with phenylketonuria and 78 controls aged (mean +/- SD, in years) 14.4 +/- 6.6 and 15.9 +/- 7.1, respectively, was undertaken, including anthropometric and body composition evaluation using bioelectrical impedance. Median Phe concentrations in the last year before study enrolment were used as a measure of metabolic control. Natural protein and amino acid mixture intakes were recorded in patients. Results: No statistically significant differences were found on height z-scores between patients and controls aged less than 19 years (p = 0.301), although all patients with classical phenylketonuria revealed negative height z-scores, resulting in a mean +/- SD of -0.65 +/- 0.41. Among participants aged 19 years or more, median (p25-p75) of height was significantly higher in controls [168.0 cm (1592-174.8)] than in patients [160.5 cm (151.9-167.5)] (p = 0.017). No significant differences were found between patients and controls regarding fat mass, fat free mass, muscular mass, body cell mass index and phase angle. Conclusion: Our results suggest that early and continuously treated patients with phenylketonuria born after 1992 can achieve normal growth and body composition, although the negative height z-score in patients with classical phenylketonuria strengthens the continuous need to optimize the quality of their protein intake.